Oodgeroo Noonucal Speech Essay

Good morning 10.06. Oodgeroo Noonuccal, an Australian poet, uses her work to convey aspects of Australian experience. Noonuccal’s poems are mainly focused on her own perspective of the culture and beliefs of both the aboriginal people and white Australians, the racial discrimination that the Aborigines suffered and their peoples spirituality. Oodgeroo uses language and poetic techniques repetition, colloquial language, metaphors etc. to portray this. No more boomerang compares the differences between the two unlikely cultures of the Aborigines and the white Australians. The composer uses colloquial language along with many Aboriginal terms and slang, for example, no more corroboree, gay dance and din, are used to create a closer relationship with the reader to allow them to relate to the aboriginals. The reader can distinguish the difference between the two cultures with the repetition of the following phrases, no more boomerang, no more spear, now all civilised, in which emphasizes the aboriginal traditions and cultures being ruled out by the white Australians culture rising. And work like a nigger, for a white mans meal uses enjambment. And work like a nigga conveys the low standard living for an Aboriginal using colloquial language, for a white mans meal portrays the high standard of living of a white Australian. Black hunted wallaby is a form of imagery, which is used to give the reader a better sense of the Australian fauna, and created a picture. Metaphors such as white-fella bunyip are used to further explain and add emphasis to the mellow feeling the poet is trying to evoke. We are going conveys the spirituality of the aborigines. The poem lists the many belongings of the aboriginal culture that makes up who they are. We are the old sacred memories, the law of the elders, and we are the wonder tales of dream time, the tribal legends told, are the metaphors used, it compares the Aborigines to the sacred things that define them, this conveys the strong connection between the Aboriginal people and their spirituality. The repetition of we are emphasis all the objects listed and further creates the identity of the Aborigines.The phrase also includes inclusive language making the reader feel connected to the text. The repetition of the word gone highlights the aborigines identity being taken away from them.

Banduras Theory

Albert Bandura became a significant icon in the field of experimentation on the aspect of behavioral patterns associated with aggression. In this perspective, Bandura created certain procedures to view how the behavioral pattern of aggression is related and developed in each individual through being exposed in the sociological aspect. In this experiment, Bandura employed the use of a Bobo doll as part of his techniques of displaying aggression on his chosen subject, which is a group of prepubescent child.His experimentation subject was particularly chosen as they have less social conditioning due to their young age and minimally developed behavioral patterns thus, achieving better observation results. From this experiment, Bandura has found that aggression is indeed communicated through exposure and imitation making the influenced subjects display the same aggressive behavioral pattern as they witnessed in the experiment.Relating to the same approach while developing a new experiment ation method, the author of this paper wishes to create an experiment displaying the influence of aggression in the behavioral pattern of the exposed individuals. In this experiment, children will likewise be used as subjects in the experiment, which will be classified under three groups namely the aggressive, non-aggressive, and the neutral. The first two groups will be further classified into two based on gender to determine if the gender factor will influence the transition in the experimentation.Each child will be separated individually in an isolated individual in which, they will watch a particular video of a either a man or woman based on the gender of the subject that fixes a particular problem with different approach. The aggressive batch will be shown a video of an aggressive approach of fixing the problem in the medium while the second will witnessed a non-aggressive approach. The video indeed in this experiment will be served as the model thus, also proving if aggressive behaviors depicted in modern communication can likewise influence the minds of the public.After the period of viewing, the subjects will be transferred into another room separated individually wherein they will perform the same task displayed in the video to observe whether the children will perform similarly to the approach displayed by their models. In this experiment, the significant influence of aggressive behaviors on the behavioral pattern of the child will be measured in their personal approach of performing the same tasks.In this experiment, it should be noted that one particular objective is inducing non-aggressive behaviors in the children. Expected prior to this experiment is that having model performing non-aggressive approach towards a certain tasks will significant influence the behavioral pattern of the children exposed to the said action. As such, this approach will be taken and implemented as a practical medium in a children institution to induce non-aggressive beh avior.Showing simple video or film characterized by non-aggressive approach can indeed be used as a practical medium of encouraging and inducing non-aggressive behaviors in the children in their personal tasks and social activities. Bibliography Bandura, Albert & Walters, Richard H. (1959). Adolescent Aggression: A Study of the Influence of Child-Training Practices and Family Interrelationships. Ronald Publication, New York. ISBN-10: 0826006876.

The psychological impact of disney animated films on young children Research Paper

The psychological impact of disney animated films on young children - Research Paper Example This is the reason why most children, with special permission from their parents, to end up with Disney animated films. As observed, Disney films, especially the one that has been recently published by Disney like â€Å"Frozen†, has remarkably gained a wide audience in all walks of life in almost all parts of the world, but primarily children. However, beyond the know-how of many people, there are relevant studies that try to expose the idea that Disney films or cartoons like â€Å"Frozen†, â€Å"Pocahontas†, â€Å"Cinderella† are creating psychological impacts on young children. There are hidden messages in various Disney films that many people are unaware of, but they are truly affecting the actual learning process of a child, both positively and negatively. Good thing for the positive side, but the reason why Disney films create, at some point, a negative psychological impacts on young children is due to their ability to affect the actual learning process taking place in a physically, emotionally and psychologically developing child or generally children in all walks of life, who of course, are specifically exposed to Disney films. Study shows that the media can be a powerful teacher of children, and so they have potential impact on the attitudes and behaviours of young people as they grow mature in life (Strasburger, Jordan and Donnerstein 533). In this study, it is evident that children are found to be affected by the media when it comes to the development of their attitudes and behaviors. This can start as possibly young as they are because as found, educational materials broadcasted on the media can improve children’s social, emotional and cognitive well-being (Calvert and Kotler 275). Mostly, the exposure of the children in the media started at home, as it started when they were young, as part of their parents’ strong prerogative. By tuning in to their favorite

Should the UK government restore the 50% additional rate of income tax Essay - 2

Should the UK government restore the 50% additional rate of income tax - Essay Example In the United Kingdom, the income tax rate is about 22%/. This is the rate that majority of the citizens will pay. It is worth nothing that this is termed as the marginal tax rate and will only be paid on incomes the respective tax threshold. In the United Kingdom, the threshold for tax is 5575 pounds for 07-80. Therefore, if a person earns 6225 pounds, the tax payer will be required to pay at22% which is equivalent to 1000 pounds of earning. Therefore, if a person is paid 6225 pounds, he is required to pay 100 pounds as tax. It is noted that 10% of income tax rate for income between 5226 and 7455 pounds. This was removed during the budget of 2007 as the main cut fundamental rate from 24 per cent to 22 per cent. The history of income tax first appeared in 1799. It was introduced by William Pitt: he was the younger to pay the Napoleonic wars that were initially 2d in the incomes pound over 60 pounds. Recently, in the mid of 1980s, the fundamental rate reached an income rate of 33 per cent. The United Kingdom has a marginal tax rate system. Meaning that the income tax is charged on income that is above certain levels. Therefore, it means that if a person earns 200000 pounds, the tax payer is required to pay half of the whole 200000 pounds. A tax payer is expected to pay half on the income earned above 150000 after including the personal allowance. The income tax rate in 2009 and 2010 is as shown below: The labour government of the previous regime increased the income tax rate from 40 per cent to 50 percent in the year 2010. The current UK government reduced that amount to 45 per cent starting April last year. The discussion formed the main focus in the pioneering election. Any person that receives a taxable income like pensions, interest on savings, and salaries in United Kingdom is subjected to income tax. After a personal allowance worth 9440 pounds that was due to increase to 10000 pounds from the effect of the tax rate. Currently, a

Capital Punishment in film Dead Man Walking Essay

Capital Punishment in film Dead Man Walking - Essay Example The film â€Å"Dead Man Walking† depicts the appeal process faced by a convicted murderer, and how his crime, trial and acts on death row affect himself, a nun who is working with him on his appeal, and the families of the victims. It invokes some of the hardest and most troubling questions facing society today such as: does the state have the right to kill its own citizens? and ‘is it ever right to kill?’. Philosophers and thinkers have been struggling with these same questions for thousands of years. Somewhat surprisingly in a field where many experts disagree with each other, three of the greatest pillars of Western Philosophy over the past two thousand years, Aristotle, John Stuart Mill and Emmanuel Kant are all staunchly in favour of the death penalty as a punishment for murder. Even more surprisingly, all three philosophers justify their defence of capital punishment through three amazingly different theoretical frameworks, all coming to the same conclusion through very different means. All three philosophers, however, have serious flaws in their arguments for capital punishment (especially when considered in today’s society) and strong arguments against capital punishment can still be made. This essay will critically examine cases such as those in the film â€Å"Dead Man Walking† through the lens of Kant, Mill’s and Aristotle’s ethical philosophies. This case can serve as something of a testing ground for when capital punishment would be the most justified.... One of the first recorded philosophers to try to tackle the question of capital punishment was Aristotle in his Nichomachean Ethics. These ethics do not attempt to address the issue of capital punishment, but rather form foundations from which he believes all ethics should be derived. These ethics are based on several foundations, and demonstrate an understanding of the fact that different societies will have different societal expectations, and in attempting to create a universal ethic Aristotle tries to make a flexible system that will accommodate these differences. He main way that Aristotle attempts to accommodate for these differences is by introducing the idea of the â€Å"just man† (Aristotle 68). Aristotle says that moral actions can be viewed through the lens of what a just man in a particular society would do; if a good just, honourable man of one’s society would behave in a certain way then that action is what must be considered just. Aristotle adds two furth er theories to make sure their is some stability and objective morality across all cultures by adding the ideas of fairness and equality to the idea of the just man, so that if a society would consider a just man’s actions good even if they were unequal or unfair, Aristotle would still consider those actions immoral (74). The final aspect of Aristotle’s theory of justice is that of rectification, that is, when one commits a wrong towards another he must make recompense to the person who he has wrong equal to the amount of wrong done (67). If for instance, someone killed another person’s sheep, he would be responsible for providing a sheep to make up for the damages. All these theories combine to support capital punishment in a variety of ways. First,

Interview Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Interview - Assignment Example Throughout the interview, she remains calm, laughing at some questions and acting surprised at some. She does not seem to be shy of people, since she answers questions in a composed manner, suggesting that she is very good at her work. The queries raised in the interview shares what public administration entails. The answers provided by the interviewee can be related to the Admission by legislators. The legislators ensured that civil service was provided to the public. This can be reflected in the interview when the interviewee answers the question on how goals are achieved. She says that her supervisor and the board set the goals. Certain powers of the civil servants and legislators were limited and this was viewed as a road to democracy. The government had the responsibility of ensuring that its policies were followed, like in the interview, those that influence the units actions are the congress, state legislature city council and the Board of Regents. Democracy back was not trusted, and civil servants bore the brunt of that. The constitution was adopted by several states. Legislators of the government employed civil servants. Legislators were tasked with ensuring that the citizens of the state were satisfied. In the interview, the interviewee says that she applied for the job, and then was employed later. The political officials set the priorities that are

PESTLE Analysis Ford Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PESTLE Analysis Ford - Lab Report Example The major product segment of the company includes cars, trucks and utility vehicles (Ford, 2013b). Ford cars are perceived as affordable as well as luxury cars in the market. The large product portfolio, including products such as Sedans, Hatchbacks and SUVs, cater to large group of customers. The company has differentiated itself from other automobile companies though its vision and understanding of the impact of culture on the automobile industry in future. In the present report, the current strategies and tactics implemented by the company are discussed and analyzed. A macro environmental analysis has been done to find out the present socio-cultural and environmental factors affecting United Kingdom and how the organization needs to make strategies in order to cope up with these situations. Methods and Reasons The company embraces all the traditional objectives which were given by its founder. However, looking at the current environment and continuously changing business and polit ical culture, the brand has also established many strategies to compliment with the change. Ford is the current leader in innovative cars (Ford, 2013c). Features concerned with safety, advanced technology and effort for energy and efficacy are important factors which influence the strategies of the company. Employees in the organization work together as a team and as a global and lean enterprise for leadership in automobile (Mistry, 2005). The company operates by aggressively structuring with the objective of profitable operations. The current demand for automotives is very volatile and the mix of models has to be constantly changed to meet the demands of the customers. The organization focuses on accelerating developments of those products and services which are valued by their customers. To remain profitable and well as growing, the company always makes sure that financial planning is appropriate and the balance sheet is continuously improving. The brand operates on the goals of p roviding profitable growth. The brand has its presence in over 30 countries and the company has taken all measures in providing exact requirements of the different market. Looking at the different market preferences, the company has specialized in providing personalized designs and models suiting the geographic and demographic profiles of the markets where the organization is operating. PESTLE Analysis Political Continuous growth in campaigning and elections has widened the political environment in the United Kingdom. Presence of small clusters of specialty groups makes it extremely difficult for a large organization to concentrate on one political group. Factors such as exchange rates, oil prices and free trade flows have a direct impact on the functioning of automobile sector. In the present political scenario, volatility in oil prices due to various political unrest in Arab as well as major oil producing countries, have resulted in revamping of the strategies and budgeting by maj or automobile companies. Foreign regulations and laws and foreign ownership regulations may also impact the overall revenue generation of the company in the countries where it is operating. Economic Like the rest of the automobile companies, Ford motor has also suffered huge losses due to the current recession and volatile economic and business environment. The recession that occurred in 2008 was followed by downfall of the banking industry. However, Ford has been able to stay afloat and keep a profitable business during

Project Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Project Management - Assignment Example It also develops ways to integrate these resources within the organizational context and the wider company strategy for management of wide-ranging interpersonal issues that might crop up in the organization. The given business is that of a car manufacturing company that is undergoing a scale improvement in business practices. From a regular business of buying from the manufacturer and selling cars on a retail basis, the company is transforming into full scale car assembly and manufacturing business along with the selling strategy. This transformation involves a number of hiring and recruitment processes of individuals with different skill sets so that necessary resources are well utilized with a strong human resource team. For the purpose of business expansion, the human resource management decides to recruit staff that shall have specific skill sets at each level of the manufacturing process, so that the entire production line has specialized and skilled employees (Cole, 2002). In case of this project, the company shall need to hire about 40 new people at various positions and different levels of the employee hierarchy. These employees shall be distributed within the Purchasing, Receiving, Manufacturing and the Sales departments. It is believed that the highest recruitment shall go towards the sale team because it is an enlarged part of the business team. The car manufacturing process is highly automatic and hence, shall not require many people in the manufacturing task (Harrison, 2000). The revamped business has been started afresh and the team shall make use of existing staff as higher level managers while hiring staff posited below them. This activity will recruit one person who shall be responsible for overseeing well-functioning of the manufacturing activity and assure that all different activities in the process of manufacturing are well aligned. Another twelve individuals shall look into goods transfer to point of sale and

Position Statement (outline) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Position Statement (outline) - Essay Example II. Another reason for decriminalizing marijuana may be the benefits the government will receive. This is through the amount of capital they might save in terms of the war against drugs. Billions of dollars are used in this expensive battle to catch, prosecute and house those who purchase and sell drugs (Gerber 59). When dealing with marijuana, the costs are soaring high, and it is no more harmful than other regulated drugs. III. There is also the issue of the capital lost in terms of tax collection when it comes to drugs. Revenue lost because the government cannot tax illegal drugs is proving costly in modern day. By decriminalizing marijuana, the government may earn tax revenue from legalizing marijuana than fighting it off the market, losing revenue in the process (Gerber 64). I. The implications of legalizing/decriminalizing marijuana are tremendous. Like anything else legalized in the economy, the government is likely to get involved in the stakes of marijuana production, harvest, and sale. This means that; it would be just like any other drug in the economy at the moment; controlled to profit of a few corporations (Morgan 79). The economy should not be controlled by these few corporations, and neither should the production, harvest, and sale of this drug. II. Just like any other drug, legalizing marijuana may lead to the growth of other trades. Other drugs may make their way into the market, which leads to rise in illegal and illegitimate trade. This implies that, the government might use extra capital annually to fight and combat other drugs off the market (Morgan 98). A. Through decriminalizing marijuana, it is highly likely the revenue a state may receive annually will benefit it tremendously. This is through tax collection, and reduction in costs incurred trying to fight the drug (Gerber 64). B. Decriminalizing marijuana also means the growth of employment opportunities. Many people will get employment through the

The audience respond to these changes Essay Example for Free

The audience respond to these changes Essay Task: How does Shakespeare present the changes which occur in Capulet throughout the play and how do the audience respond to these changes? From analysing Romeo and Juliet as an audience I have seen Capulet in many different ways. I have seen him as the caring father, the ruler and the person in charge. In some scenes as an audience I have been quite sympathetic towards Capulet but then in other scenes I have felt that he has been rather harsh to members of his family and other characters in the play. From looking at Act 1 Scene 1 I saw that Capulet was a very irresponsible character. When he saw that there was a brawl between the Capulets and the Montagues, he wanted to get involved. His wife, Lady Capulet, told him that it was the wrong thing to do but he dismissed this. So from the first scene, it has already made us aware, that he has control over the family and that he does not like to be told what to do. This scene links with scene 5 because again Tybalt questions his authority and he becomes very angry with him and says some very rude, arrogant things, in his concealing conversation with him. The other side of Capulet, which we as audience see is his caring, considerate side. He shows us this in a variety of scenes. The first time that this side of his character is illustrated is in Act 1 scene 1. He is willing to lose a good, kind, considerate husband for her daughter because of her happiness. This portrays to us that he is willing to put his daughters feelings first, although it may mean losing an eligible husband for her daughter. This is also shown in a similar way in Act 1 scene 5 at his old accustomed feast. In this scene he acts very warm and hospitable towards his guests. In this scene he shows fairness towards Romeo, although Tybalt does not agree. He shows fairness towards Romeo because he does not want to cause a commotion at the feast that he has organised. The next time that we meet we are in act 3 scene 1 Capulet Shakespeare has deliberately not allowed Capulet to speak. As the audience this is very significant because normally Capulet takes charge in situations like this but, in this situation he has stepped back and let his wife say what she feels. At the beginning of act 3 scene 5 Capulet is very worried about his daughter he used beautiful imagery he says that hes daughters tears were like a river, her body was like a boat and her sighs were like the wind. This is then completely contrasted because he becomes very sarcastic, abusive and harsh, towards hi wife, daughter and lady Capulet. The reverse in his attitude came around when Juliet refused to get married to Paris. In Elizabethan times daughters were like possessions and daughters were supposed to do what there parents told them to. Capulet said some very harsh things including: Hang thee young baggage, disobedient wretch This shows to us that his attitude towards his family can change very easily depending on the situation. Then he begins to think about resorting to physical violence and exclaims My fingers itch this implies that he could of hit his daughter. When Juliet then agrees to the marriage (under false pretences) Capulet then admires his daughter and is put back into his element. He again is focused on in control, organising his daughters grand wedding. His mood is again totally reversed he says My heart is wondrous light, but the dramatic irony of this is that we know that Juliet is going to appear dead so that she doesnt have to go through with her arranged marriage. In the concluding scenes in the play Capulets behaviour and mood change from being joyous and delighted to being in despair and shock. When Capulet Is arranging the wedding he is full of delight and excitement. His girl has been reclaimed. Again he is control of the situation, her id making the decisions and is giving out the orders. Again he is showing his status towards his servants by using crude language and showing them there place. Capulets feelings then again changed to despair when he realised that his daughter was dead. Capulet used elaborate imagery he exclaims that Death lies on her like an untimely frost Upon the sweetest flower of all the field This illustrates that hes daughter was not supposed to die. Also he says Ties up my tongue and will not let me speak this portrays what he actually felt for his daughter. Finally Capulet shows generosity towards the Montagues he makes the first move to bring happiness out of all the evil that has took place. This illustrates to us as an audience that really capulet can be very considerate and emotionalyly when tradgic things happen. He tries to make amends with people that were enemies and at the end of the play we realise that he doesnt want to bear anymore grudges against other people. To conclude from analysing the scene I have come to the conclusion that Capulets mood and behaviour changed repeatedly through the play. He can be a kind, considerate, caring, emotionally character in some situations. But ion other situations when hes authority is questioned he can lose his temper and say things that are very harsh and un -thoughtful.

Impact of interest rate changes on bank profitability

Impact of interest rate changes on bank profitability Over the years, banking system in Pakistan shown enormous growth and potential. The performance and stability indicators showed significant improvement in the profitability of banking system. But now a days banking sector going under pressure. Such as liquidity crunch and solvency problem have significant impact on the performance of banking sector and economy. The financial institution could have managed the situation without any trouble if they have sufficient amount of liquidity available to fulfill their obligation. Since they are operating in very tight market conditions. So, they are forces to pay attractive rates to depositors to attract liquidity. Although the State Bank of Pakistan reduced the Cash Reserve Requirement (CRR) and Statutory Liquidity Requirement (SLR) on demand and Time Liabilities to ease the liquidity in the market. The governments instead of developing their own recourses empower banks to generate money and then borrow from banks. The huge amount of borrowin g from banks by the government its disturbing the economy. The government not only curtails its borrowing from banks but also put some sort of check on power of money. All these factors have combined to set a stage where lending rates are high and having great amount of burden on banks financials. The amount of non performing loans increased at rapid speed despite of heavy amount of provision created by the bank in recent years. The increasing asset quality concerns would force the banks to book heavy provisions for non performing loans (NPLs). The stability of the banking system is conditional upon the stability of overall economy. A stable macroeconomic environment contributes to effective and efficient growth of saving and investment decision. Appropriate macroeconomic measures should support the functioning of the banking system more specifically in the areas of financial stabilization, transparent fiscal policy and monetary policy. The major contributor role of effective and efficient growth in the economy is played by the State Bank of Pakistan and provides guideline to the financial institution to play their role in the development by mobilizing the resources of the economy and facilitating the investors. The success of a bank also depends on the ability to forecast and avoid risk, to cover the losses brought about by the arisen risk. Profit is the important requirement of a competitive banking institution and the cheapest source of funds. It is essential to see it not simply as a result, but also a necessity for successful banking in a growing competition on financial market. These important facts together are the reason for this to focus on the current topical issue of banks profitability. We will highlight problems which are influencing on banks effectiveness and efficiency to manage their portfolio such as assets and liabilities in aiming at to achieve profitability and identify the areas where it might have possible room for raising the bank profitability. Banks assets are grouped into two categories earning assets and non earning assets. Earning assets means those on which banks earns interest income and non earning assets means those which used for the purpose reserve requirem ent, fixed assets to run day to day operational activities. In this study we have focus on earning assets. This included Placement and lending to financial institution, investment in securities and loan advances. These assets are the major source of income for bank. Therefore, it is apparent that average income generation ability of these assets has a decisive influence on the banks profitability. As financial intermediary, banks play a vital role in the operation of most economic development. The efficiency of financial intermediation can also affect the economic growth. Banks are different from other firms in that they provide financial services, the reward to which is an interest rate, and the most of the funding are financed by the deposits or borrowing, the expense of which is also an interest rate. Interest margin, the difference between what a bank has earns on its earning assets and what is paid to depositor. It has been on upward trend during the last decade. An increase in the spread would affect the depositor or the borrower or both stand loose at same time. The lack of alternate avenues of financial intermediation aggravates the adverse impact of spread. For example, if the State Bank of Pakistan based on the monetary policy change the interest rate. Then the change in the interest rate influences the cost of capital that in turn affects the level of consumption an d investment decision. If the increase in the spread is due to decrease the rate to depositors then this discourage the saving, and alternatively if due to increase the rate it would have adverse impact on investment. Therefore, these changes in the interest rate have important implication on the economy. Banks are more sensitive to interest rate changes than most of the other institutions. The effect of interest rate changes on banks profitability has been an important issue for banking system. It has been argued that bank exposure to interest rate risk perhaps the most important issue in participating the saving and investment crises. 1.2: Problem Statement The impacts of interest rate changes have a significant impact on the bank profitability. When interest rate changes it would result in increase or decrease in the interest income of the bank and also have adverse affect on depositors saving and borrower investment decision. 1.3: Objective This research aims to study the impact of interest rate changes on banks profitability based on the following variables directly affecting the banks profitability Interest rate Balances with other banks Deposits accounts Lending to Financial Institution Investments Loan Advances 1.4: Research Scope and Limitation The scope of this research is to find out the impact of interest rate changes on banks profitability. There are few limitation involved in the study. The sample selection consists of five major banks. Which covers the 57% market share of the Pakistan banking industry. The basis for calculation of income is KIBOR rate. The banking system starts using as benchmark as KIBOR rate from 2002 onward. Therefore, our study period is 2003 2008. 1.6 Chapter Summary The banking sector shown enormous potential in previous years. Banking sector achieved high profitability and economy was stable. But from 2008 onward banking sector going through a financial crises such as liquidity and solvency problem. To control the uncertain condition of the country. The central bank reduces the Cash Reserve Requirement and Statutory Liquidity Requirement. So, banks have more liquidity to fulfill their obligations. On the other hand Central Bank increases the discount rate to control the money supply in the market. Which result in higher interest rates. Due to the increase in interest rate and financial crises borrowers default ratio increase and financial institution suffer large amount of losses during the period. This increasing amount of asset quality concerns would force the bank to book heavy provision for non performing loans (NPLs). The stability of the banking system is dependant on the economy. A stable macroeconomic condition will contribute to effect ive and efficient growth of saving and investment. Banks play as role of financial intermediary in the development of economy. If the central bank made any change in the monetary policy it will affect the performance of financial institution. Then the changes in the interest rate will affect the saving and investment. If the spread increases due to decrease in the rate to depositor then it will discourage the depositor and alternatively if due to increase in the rate to borrower then it will affect the investment decision. Therefore, banks are more sensitive to interest rate changes then the other institution. The effect of interest rate has been todays most important issue for banking sector. Chapter 2: Literature Review The study of Flannery, (1981) showed that large banking organizations (1978 assets greater than $2 billion) are well hedged against interest rate fluctuations. The large banks made necessary adjustment to avoid interest rate fluctuation by revising the repayment schedule rate as per the agreement with customer to minimize their interest rate risk. The some of the borrower pay quarterly, half yearly and annual payments. So, as per the agreement schedule bank revise the rates which minimize the risk of bank. When market rate change, the large banking organization made necessary adjustments to avoid interest rate volatility in revenue and cost. The mostly organization have mis matched balance sheet such as they borrow from customer and financial institution at shorter period or maturity and give lending to customer and financial institution at longer period. It would create mis match between balance sheet. Therefore, banks are exposing to interest rate risk and liquidity risk. To avoid the liquidity risk the banks develop relationship with financial institution to overcome their liquidity problem on immediate basis and for interest rate they minimize the risk by revising the interest rate of the contract as per the agreement. The finding of this article suggests that most bank posses a sufficient range of assets and liabilities choices to avoid the risk. This study employs annual data from the federal Reports of Income and Condition on individual insured banks in continuous existence from 1960 through 1978. Twelve banks were chosen at random from the national population in each of five asset size categories (based on year-end 1978 assets): less than $25 million, $25- 25-49.9 million, $50-99.9 million, $100-299.9 million, and greater than $300 million. Holding company subsidiary banks were excluded from the first four size million, $100-299.9 million, and greater than $300 million. Holding company subsidiary banks were excluded from the first four size groups; 3 banks above $300 million were included regardless of their subsidiary status, since large independent banks may not be representative of the population Flannery, (1983). In this study data collected from the federal report of income and condition f rom 1960 to 1978. Population of Twelve banks randomly chosen for analysis and break into 5 different assets size categories on the basis of 1978 assets: less than $25 million, greater than $25 and less than $49.9 million, greater than $50 and less than $99.9 million, greater than $100 and less than $299.9 million and greater than $300 millions. In this study holding companys subsidiary excluded from first four groups and greater than $300 million includes the subsidiary banks of holding company and regression techniques had been used in the analysis. The result of the study showed that commercial banks groups are substantial exposed to interest rate risk and individual bank choose alternatives to avoid such risk. Bank possess sufficient amount of funds available in the form of assets and liabilities to minimize those risk and try to get productive results. The study of Barajas et.al (1999) showed that a key variable in the financial system is the spread between lending and deposit interest rates. When it is too large, it is generally regarded as a considerable impediment to the expansion and development of financial intermediation, as it discourages potential savers with low returns on deposits and limits financing for potential borrowers, thus reducing feasible investment opportunities and therefore the growth potential of the economy. The key point of financial institution is the spread between Loan and deposits rate differences. When the lending rate is high and deposits rate is low then which results in higher the profitability for the financial institution but on the other hand it will discourage the depositor. Because the depositors getting low return on their savings and also discouraging for the borrowers because the financial institution charging high interest rate. If the financial institution doing the same then it would red ucing the saving confidence on depositor and borrower will try to avoid to borrow from financial institution. Which resulting in reducing the investments opportunities because the saving money not contributing to the economy. Financial system of developing countries showing larger spread difference as compare to the developed countries. Based on the balance sheet and profit loss information the author derived two data base. One data base developed on basis of quarterly data from 1974-1988 and other on the basis of monthly data from 1991-1996. In the period 1974-1980 the spread between loan and deposits increasing steadily and then start decreasing during the period 1981-1988 reached to 19 percent and again decreased during the period of 1991-1996. The evidence provided by the author clearly suggest that the during 1974-1980 spread increased and then during the 1981-1990 significantly decreased. This showed that the loan quality during the period remained stable and reserve ratio re quirement decreased and consistent spreads and cost lower the productivity of the state bank. A study of Maisal, Robert (1978) showed that financial markets is the degree and rapidity with which financial institution react to new information and shift funds among asset and liability classes so as to equalize marginal cost and returns. Many analysts assume that markets are efficient, that transaction and information costs are negligible or unimportant, and that borrowing and lending hedging and arbitrage are simple and available at or close to risk free rates. As a result, they believe that they can successfully predict the results of all types of markets actions and reactions without concern for institutional forces. The financial markets are so efficient that they get rapidly information and on the basis of information they are making quick decision regarding the fund management such as assets, liability, cost and income. When all the information readily available then it reduces the cost and increase efficiency of transaction such as hedging and arbitrage without taking any risk on the basis of available information analyst predict their results of any market without considering the forces. The study conducted by author on the basis of cost and revenue of cross section banks during the period 1962-1975 estimation made on the basis of net rate of income and cost of book value of assets. The net rate is the difference between the gross revenue from assets minus cost of asset and rates are net of servicing, processing and overhead cost. The result showed that major shift occurred during the period of 1970-1975. Net returns of assets considerably differ when computed on the basis of average. The study of Demirgà ¼Ãƒ §-Kunt, Harry (1999) showed the differences in interest margins and bank profitability reflect a variety of determinants: bank characteristics, macroeconomic conditions, explicit and implicit bank taxation, deposit insurance regulation, overall financial structure, and underlying legal and institutional indicators. A larger ratio of bank assets to gross domestic product and a lower market concentration ratio lead to lower margins and profits, controlling for differences in bank activity, leverage, and the macroeconomic environment. Foreign banks have higher margins and profits than domestic banks in developing countries, while the opposite holds in industrial countries. Also, there is evidence that the corporate tax burden is fully passed onto bank customers, while higher reserve requirements are not, especially in developing countries. The study showed that variation between spreads and profitability comprised of various determinants. Such as economic condi tions, regulations and financial structure. As the banks have a high ratio of asset with respect to gross domestic product and have small profit margin and banks profits. Because of debts and economic conditions. Foreign banks usually have greater margin of profits as compare to the local or domestic bank in the developing countries and different outcome for industrial countries. This study also evidence that corporate tax had a direct burden on the bank customer because bank transfer the tax burden to their customer while reserve requirement of central bank doesnt not have a significant effect on banks. The data collected at the level of banks for 80 institutes and period comprised of 1988-1995 on the size and decomposition of banks spreads and profits. Regression technique had been used to find out the determinate of interest rate spreads and banks profitability. Taxation and regulation have big impact on bank customer and overall bank position. The banking system varies from coun try to country around the world in size and composition and structure. All banks have different influence of macroeconomic conditions, regulation and market conditions. Several countries data had been used for analysis to find out the bank characteristics and conditions which affect the banks performance such as interest margins and profitability. Some variable have positive relationship with each other and some of them have a negative relationship with each other i.e. reserve ratio to profitability. The study of Samuelson Paul A, (1945) showed that the banking system as a whole is not really hurt by an increase in the whole complex of interest rates. It is left tremendously better off by such a change. If a bank were a university, nobody would doubt that it would be made better off by an increase in the interest rate. At worst, it could continue to hold all existing gilt-edge securities to maturity and be no worse off. As these matured, the proceeds could be invested at higher rates with a resulting increase in income. It would be better off in the sense that ceteris paribus it could hire more teachers per year, spend more money on buildings and stadia, and engage in more research. The only exception would be in the limiting and unrealistic case where all its money was invested in perpetuities. But even here it would be no worse off. In every other case it would be better off. The increase in the interest rates usually not affects the performance of bank, its actual effect on th e borrower. When the interest rate increases then borrower will bear the effect of increase interest rate. But it would not affect the bank performance .The reason is that the bank pay low return to depositors and charge more to borrower as interest rate increases. So, both depositor and borrower will bear the cost. In this article author taken the example of university. If this loan given to the university it certainly impact on the university performance because of increase in the interest rates. As the interest rates increases it would become more costly for the university and difficult to pay to the bank on time. The increase in the interest rates would not hurt university as its decreases capital value. This change would have a better impact on university. The study of Coleman George W, (1945) showed that the banking system would recover these losses over a period of time, the length depending upon the maturity distribution. During that period, it would be frozen in to a given maturity pattern. The earnings of the banking system upon the existing portfolio would increase. He states that immediately after interest rates have risen and capital values have scaled down, all parts of the portfolio, old as well as new, began to earn the higher rates. The rise in the interest rates bank can come up with some loss on the portfolio such as investing in the securities of longer period. The bank can recover this cost over the period of time and get desired returns and also increase in the capital of the bank. When the investment is carried at cost then it would amortize cost. It means banks amortize the investments over the period of agreement until it becomes zero. When the interest rate rise it would have immediate effect and bank re-prices the portfolio on the current interest rate and gets benefit of the opportunity. The objective of the study to find that increase in interest rate would not a sufficient impact on banks. Its directly influence on the saver or borrower. Which ultimately result in decrease in saving and investment. The management of bank continuously monitoring and updating their portfolio policies to minimize such risk. The study of Khawaja, Musleh, (2007) showed that Interest spread of the Pakistans banking industry has been on the rise for the last two years. The increase in interest spread discourages savings and investments on the one hand, and raises concerns on the effectiveness of bank lending channel of monetary policy on the other. The interest rate spreads in banking sector on the upward move. When the interest rate increases its discourages the depositor and borrower. Such as saving and investments. Banks giving low returns to depositors which results in discouragement and getting high return from borrower by charging high interest rates inclusive of spreads. Spreads are much high in Pakistan. When spreads taken into account ultimately the interest increase and banks gets high returns on lending and investments. The depositor not has any other option to save his money and also the strict requirement of SBP capital requirement. The industry has rapidly merger and acquisition. This results in decrease in the option for saving. In this study author used data of 29 banks. Variant model had been used to check variables relationship. The results showed that inelasticity in deposits supply have positive impact on interest rate spreads. To lower the spread margin central bank play a vital role to reduce the spread and other alternative would be the financial intermediary which lower the spreads. The study of Chirwa, Montfort, (2004) highlighted the importance of financial liberalization in facilitating economic development and growth. While there is no complete agreement on the removal of financial repression, usually characterized by control of interest rates, imposition of credit ceilings, and credit rationing, leads to significant amelioration of growth prospects, the dominant view is that financial liberalization and growth usually go together. Financial liberalization had a great influence on improving the economy and increasing growth. There is no certain agreement made on the financial repression. The management made certain tool and polices to control the interest rate impact on credits. Such as by applying tool of checking limits and there purpose of credit extension. The good control over the interest rate would have a significant on the performance of economy and growth of the country. Financial liberalization and growth of the economy work to gather and run head to head and boost the development of economy. The determinants of interest spread and bank profitability have been often used in the model. In portfolio choice bank trying to maximize their good portfolio. This maximizes the profitability of the banks. Bank usually made feasible choice of assets and liabilities with respective tenor interest rate. This study used monthly panel data from banking system between 1989-1999.the findings of that study showed that the after liberalization the interest rate significantly increased. The main cause of that increase was the increase in nonfinancial cost, provision for doubtful debts, taxation and variation in the inflation rates. The study of Marisel Peter, (2002) showed that in the world of endogenous money, the central banks role in monetary policy is reduced to the setting of a very short term official rate of interest, which indicates the price at which it will make liquidity available to the banking system. However; it is changes in market rates that affect behavior; and so the ability of the central bank to influence anything at all depends, first, on the interaction between official and market rates. In this paper, we use a vector autogressive error correction model to explore the response to changes in the central bank rate of three short-term market rates that have been featured previously in this journal in debates about the demand for endogenous money. The main responsibility of the state bank is to control or reduce the rates which affect the price and liquidity of the banking system and affect the availability of liquidity of the banking organizations. The fluctuation in the market interest rates will affect the function of the banking system and as well as the behavior of the consumer and economy. In this study autoregressive correction model had been used by the author to find out the responses of interest rates changes and its effect. When spread between Corporate Government bond increases then the market assume that the risk on the bond increases. When they see then they try to predict the coming slowdown and recession in the economy. After testing they have found that it would have a positive effect on the economy. They have used the Autoregressive model to test the fluctuation in prices and interest rates. The result of the paper showed that the short term interest rates have a significant impact on the banking system as compare to the long term interest rates. Short term interest rates were the major instrument of the monetary policy of the central bank. In monetary policy central bank advice the interest rates which would affect the banking system as well as the ov erall economic activities of the country. 2.1: Chapter Summary The impacts of interest rate changes have a significant impact on the bank profitability. When interest rate changes it would result in increase or decrease in the interest income. The Pakistan banking industry use Karachi Interbank Offered Rate (KIBOR) for earning assets to find out the interest income. The major portfolio reprice on 6 M KIBOR. Bank is exposing to interest rate risk. But usually bank hedge against interest rate risk to minimize its impact on bank performance. The major impact of interest rate changes would affect the depositors and borrowers. Because when interest rate changes it would discourage the saving and investment decision.

Wedding Speech Delivered by the Bride :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Wedding Speech Delivered by the Bride I wouldn't want anyone to think that I'm trying to have the last word here but I thought it only appropriate that the bride speaks and those of you who know me well enough will agree that it's usually hard to keep me quite. Well today is no exception, so here we go! I feel privileged to be sharing our day with most of the friends and family who have been important to us during our lives. Many of you have travelled from afar:- South Africa, Botswana and even the UK, and some of you have had 0to take time off work to be here. Thanks to all of you for the efforts and sacrifices you have made to be with us today. Of course there are those who are unable to be with us and there is one person in particular who I would dearly have loved to be here today to see me married and that is my Dad. He's certainly been in our thoughts today,a s he is everyday. I'd like to thank Allan for his earlier compliments and would like to add how wonderful he looks today. Allan and I have been together for about 14 years (as has been mentioned a number of times tonight) and during that time we've been through a lot. But he has many wonderful qualities - charms, brains & beauty are sadly the only ones missing! No seriously, I would like to thank Allan for being the person that he is. He is good company and is funny, affectionate and loving and he's a friend as well as a partner and it means a lot to be is wife after so many years. I would now like to drink my own private toast to him and or future together. To Allan, you know everything about me and love me just the same. Now I don't mean to bore you with repetition but I would like to say a few personal thank you's to some very special people who have contributed enormously to our day:- * Firstly, to the most wonderful mother a child could ever have – not only for all the love, support and guidance over the years but also for everything you've done towards today. Your massive contribution has been priceless and without you we would never have managed and today would not have been possible, never mind so special.

Child Labor Essay -- Child Labor Laws Employment Workforce Essays

Child Labor Child labor is a pervasive problem throughout the global economy, especially in the markets of developing countries. With over 90% of the total child labor market employed in the rural areas of Asia and Africa largely due to lack of enforcement, it is argued that something has to be done. Although the majority of people are ethically appalled by child labor, and against the exploitation of children, is the worldwide eradication of the worst forms of child labor really a feasible alternative? To answer this question people have to take into account a variety of factors involving both the economic and social costs, as well as have a firm understanding of the situations people are faced with in these underdeveloped countries. The International Labor Organization estimated that there were over 211 million working children between the ages of 5 and 14 in the year 2000, with over 73 million under the age of ten. When most people think of child labor, they visualize children working in sweatshops under poor conditions, for little pay. When in reality almost 80% of child laborers are employed in agricultural jobs. Regardless of the type of labor these children are performing, they are usually underpaid, overworked, and forced to work in unsafe environments. The exploitation of children and the social costs that are involved are considered highly immoral, especially by the general public in industrialized nations. But why is a practice that is condemned by so many, so rampant among impoverished nations? Industrialized countries have been asking third world nations to impose regulations and ban the practices of child labor for decades. This is ironic considering that countries such as the United Sta... ...m, the worst kinds of child labor can at least be abolished, and children who work, can have some chance to work in a safer work environment. Works Cited International Labor Organization, 2000.World Labor Report. Geneva: International Labor Organization Faraaz Siddiqi/Harry Partrinos, Child Labor: Issues, Causes, and Interventions, 1996 Douglas A. Irwin, Free Trade Under Fire, Chapter 6, 2002 Kaushik Basu, Child Labor: Cause, Consequence, and Cure, with Remarks on International Labor Standards, 1999 Krugman Paul, In Praise of Cheap Labor, 1997 The Department of Labor Bureau of International Labor Affairs, 2001 Findings of the Worst Forms of Child Labor, 2002 International Labor Organization, International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour: 2000 Mehra-Kerpelman, K. 1996. Children at work: How many and where? World of Work 15:8-9.

Doris Lessings The Fifth Child Essay -- Doris Lessing Fifth Child Ess

In her novel The Fifth Child, published in 1988, Doris Lessing examines how one couple’s search for happiness has tragic implications. In this case, the couple, David and Harriet, and the family are slowly destroyed by the presence of the fifth child, Ben, who is unattractive, shows no emotions or attachments to other people, and is destructive. The other children in the family seem to be able to cope on a normal, socially acceptable level, but Ben never seems to be able to grasp acceptable behavior. Significantly, the novel never explains the cause of Ben’s abnormalities. While Lessing does not supply the reader with a cause, one explanation I found is in psychoanalysis. Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, is explicit in his belief that neuroses, some of which are displayed by Ben, are generally developed in childhood and that they are the result of problems in the relationship between the child and the parents. This is clearly seen when he writes, â₠¬Å"’The complicated emotional relation of children to their parents – what is known as the Oedipus complex†¦was the nucleus of every case of neurosis’ (25 Nicholi).† In what follows, I will show that the cause of Ben’s lack of development and social psychoses is caused by the way he is treated by his parents. Early in the novel we are told that Harriet and David meet at a business party and they quickly realize they are ideally suited for each other. They soon marry and settle into a beautiful suburban home. They are also quick to begin their family, having first a son, then two daughters, and another son. Their large country home becomes the center of family gatherings and parties, which Harriet particularly enjoys. She is worn out from her four young chi... ...normal and pathological. While it is clear from a psychoanalytic standpoint that Ben’s condition is a result of his parent’s lack of love and nurturing, it is also important to look at what caused Harriet and David to treat Ben this way. In trying to form a perfectly happy life, they failed to account for things that were out of their control. They initially blamed the close ages of their children and Ben’s disposition, but it seems that their resentment of Ben came from a deeper resentment of their own unfulfilled dreams of perfection. As their lives became less perfect, indeed, increasingly chaotic and tragic, they treated Ben with less love. Harried and David, and their four other children, may have had a better chance for happiness if Harriet and David had not made such an attempt to achieve, and even force, a happiness that was absolutely perfect.

Game Addiction Essay

Gamer Addiction is an obsession with video game playing that usually begins in elementary and middle school. By college, the individual progresses from simple to elaborate games and the student is game-hooked. An activity becomes an addiction when it is used to change an individual’s mood. It becomes abuse when it interferes with ‘one’s work or school, or disrupts personal or family relationships, and becomes increasingly necessary to feel good’ (Orzack, 2005a, p. 1). Addiction takes away from life and reduces motivation to do anything beyond the focus of the addiction (IGDA panel). Niolosi (2002) found that video games are part of the daily routine for 65% of American girls and 85% of American boys. NBC News ( 5-19-05 ) reported that one in eight gamers develops patterns similar to other types of addiction and abuse. Tournemillie (2002) noted that a survey of 1500 teenagers indicated 25% were compulsive video gamers. Fifty per cent of those surveyed used the word ‘addiction’ to describe a friend’s gaming behaviors. Today’s video games are available in a plethora of venues that draw individuals into the world of the game. Games are designed to keep the player riveted to action. Players experience a sense of control when they enter into the fantasy world of speed, realism, violence, new morals, and interoperability. Many games offer on-line anonymous interaction with other people; a ‘hook’ is a sense of family or belonging in the form of a pseudo persona the player develops when repeatedly playing the game. The longer the game is played, the more the pseudo persona can replace reality. – See more at: http://www. nacada. ksu. edu/Resources/Clearinghouse/View-Articles/Gamer-Addiction. aspx#sthash. zdhglFnU. dpuf.

Stp for Megaman

STP for Megaman Segmentation Megaman uses Marco-segmentation to choose its target segment. Business organizations with the scale of small to big are all belonged to this segment (from under 200 to above 200). In this segment the business organizations will all have a high usage rate on Megaman’s product, the product categories are Lighting products and solutions. Megaman also uses Micro-segmentation to well define its target segment. Some of the organizations will only require a lighting system, while some of the organizations demand individual lighting consultation.The organizations require consultations will have a much more closer relationship with Megaman while Megaman will gain more profit from providing an extended service. Megaman’s product are both foundation and facilitating goods. As a bisuness product, Megaman’s serve the purpose as in ‘use’ and ‘consumption’. Targeting Megaman targeted the business organizations to be its ide al customers. Since the customers are business organizations, they will share the key criteria of being price-sensitive; quality-focus and also logistics efficiency.In another words, they are very high demanding. The target customers will be ‘optimizers’, they will compare all proposals before making the decisions. The organizations demand Megaman’s product to be cheap; reliable; low switching cost (high compatibility). Megaman is confident in satisfying their customers, so they mainly focus on encounter in new task or for modified rebuy. Positioning Megaman positioned itself as being the market leader. It continues to invent innovative products, just like Dyson.Unlike the major competitor, Philips, Megaman had taken one step further on CSR, Megaman’s product are all eco-friendly as Megaman emphasis a lot of its product being sustainable. Philips also provide excellent lighting solution for various organizations but Megaman had managed to do the same thing but also being eco-friendly at the same time. Megaman also positioned itself of being high quality. Promotion There are different channels for Megaman to promote its products, such as Tradeshow, Advertisement and various distribution channels.Megaman had participated in various trade shows, both in Hong Kong and overseas. As from the information shown in TDC’s website, Megaman had participated in the HK international Lighting Fair for the last five years. Megaman tries to attract both local and foreign customers through the tradeshow in HK. Megaman is highly involved in this tradeshow, as Fred Bass, the managing director of Neonlite ( Parent company of Megaman) and Megaman HK’s management team attended the tradeshow for the publicity event.Megaman has not drawn much attention outside those standard tradeshows, same with its major competitor in HK, the Philips Lighting. It is belief that because both of them are already the market leader in HK, no more further marketin g strategies needed to be apply in order to fight for market share. What Megaman should do is to consider sponsoring some other tradeshow, as being a good chance to encounter more business partners. When Megaman first enter HK’s consumer market, it used humor approach to promote that Megaman’s product can create funny yet positive value.Megaman focus on TV commercial, it hired Daniel Wu as the main character to addressing the function of Megaman’s product is very effective on specific functions. For recent commercials, Megaman focus on the practical use of its products, such as using it’s LED light bulb could make specific products to look better. The latest TVC, Megaman failed to draw audiences’ attention by being so dull and boring. If Megaman want to continue its TVC commercial, they must need to another approach rather than read out the specifications of the products.

Noun and Ans

GRAMMAR Topics: †¢ A or an †¢ Sentences using Yes, it is/No, it isn’t †¢ Sentences using Yes, they are/No, they aren’t †¢ Singular Plural †¢ Punctuation †¢ My Favorite Fruit (Essay) †¢ This is, There is/These are, There are †¢ My Mom (Essay) †¢ Noun †¢ Proper Nouns †¢ Verb †¢ Sentences using can/can’t †¢ My Pet (Essay) †¢ Words/Opposites †¢ Masculine/Feminine †¢ Comprehension Unit 0: Topic 1: A or an Definition: Exercise: (in copy) Q1: Fill in the blanks with a or an? 1. It’s a mat. 2. This is an umbrella. 3. It’s a book. 4. It’s an orange. 5. This is a fish. 6. It’s a tree. 7. It’s a cup. . This is an egg. 9. This is a pencil. 10. It’s an insect. Topic 2: Introducing â€Å"Myself† 1. My name is _____________. 2. I am ___________ years old. 3. I like to _________________. 4. I live with my _____________. 5. There are __________ people i n my family. 6. I live in _________. Topic 3: Sentences using â€Å"Yes, it is/No, it isn’t† 1. Is it a mat? *. Yes, it is. 2. Is it an orange? * No, it isn’t. 3. Is it an apple? * Yes, it is. 4. Is it a rat? *. No, it isn’t. 5. Is it an egg? * Yes, it is. 6. Is it a cat? *. No, it isn’t. †Topic 4: â€Å"Singular / Plural† Definition: Singular |Plural | | | | |Cat |Cats | |Hat |Hats | |Pencil |Pencils | |Book |Books | |Door |Doors | |Egg |Eggs | |Banana |Bananas | |Rat |Rats | |Tree |Trees | |Biscuit |Biscuits | Topic 5: â€Å"Punctuation† Definition: Example: 1. Monkeys live in the trees. 2. I am a boy. 3. Dog is an animal. Exercise (in copy) Q1: Use capital letters and full stop. 1. there are two apples *. There are two apples. 2. sky is blue *. Sky is blue. 3. honey is sweet *. Honey is sweet. 4. ali has a pencil *. Ali has a pencil. 5. he was born in karachi *. He was born in Karachi. Work Sheet Punctuation Marks R ewrite these sentences using capital letters, full stop. 1. i like to eat vegetables __________________________________________________________________________ 2. this kite belongs to ali _________________________________________________________________________ 3. i like to paint and read books __________________________________________________________________________ 4. he is eating __________________________________________________________________________ 5. rana has a new bicycle __________________________________________________________________________ 6. i will go to school tomorrow __________________________________________________________________________ Work Sheet Punctuation Marks Rewrite these sentences using capital letters, full stop. 1. i like to eat vegetables I like to eat vegetables. 2. this kite belongs to ali This kite belongs to Ali. 3. like to paint and read books I like to paint and read books. 4. he is eating He is eating. 5. rana has a new bicycle Rana has a n ew bicycle. 6. i will go to school tomorrow I will go to school tomorrow. Topic 6: â€Å"MY FAVORITE FRUIT† (ESSAY) 1. My favorite fruit is apple. 2. It is red in colour. 3. It has many seeds. 4. Its taste is sweet. 5. I like it very much. â€Å"COMPREHENSION† Read passage and do the exercise? â€Å"A LITTLE FAIRY† Once there was a little fairy called Cindy. She lived in a little house in the forest. She had four lovely squirrels named Munch, Crunch, Punch and Bunch. They all had big, bright eyes and long tails. They loved to eat nuts.One day they left the nutshells all over the house and Cindy got very angry. She decided to punish them by not giving them food for a day. They learnt their lesson and did not mess up the house again. Answer the following question? Q1: Who was Cindy? Ans: __________________________________________________________________________ Q2: Where did she live? Ans: __________________________________________________________________________ Q3: How many squirrels were there? Ans: __________________________________________________________________________ Q4: What did the squirrels do one day? Ans: __________________________________________________________________________ Q5: How did Cindy punish them?Ans: __________________________________________________________________________ â€Å"COMPREHENSION† Key Read passage and do the exercise? â€Å"A LITTLE FAIRY† Once there was a little fairy called Cindy. She lived in a little house in the forest. She had four lovely squirrels named Munch, Crunch, Punch and Bunch. They all had big, bright eyes and long tails. They loved to eat nuts. One day they left the nutshells all over the house and Cindy got very angry. She decided to punish them by not giving them food for a day. They learnt their lesson and did not mess up the house again. Answer the following question? Q1: Who was Cindy? Ans: Cindy was a little fairy. Q2: Where did she live? Ans: She lived in a little house in the forest.Q3: How many squirrels were there? Ans: There were four squirrels. Q4: What did the squirrels do one day? Ans: They left the nutshells all over the house. Q5: How did Cindy punish them? Ans: She decided to punish them by not giving them food for a day. Topic 7: â€Å"This is, There is† â€Å"These are, There are† Definition: â€Å"Sentences on â€Å"This is† 1. This is a book. 2. This is a clock. 3. This is a pencil. 4. This is an orange. 5. This is an egg. Sentences on â€Å"There is† 1. There is a glass. 2. There is an umbrella. 3. There is an aeroplane. 4. There is a ruler. 5. There is a leaf. Sentences â€Å"These are† 1. These are apple. 2. These are cats. 3. These are buttons. 4. These are doors. 5.These are pins. Sentences on â€Å"There are† 1. There are two cups. 2. There are three balls. 3. There are some kites. 4. There are four fishes. 5. There are five tins. Topic 8: â€Å"MY MOM†(Essay) 1. My Momâ₠¬â„¢s name is ________________________. 2. She is ________ year old. 3. She is very beautiful. 4. She cooks food very tasty. 5. She takes care of me. 6. I love my mom very much. Topic 9: â€Å"Noun† Definition: Example: Sara, Table, Cat, Karachi. Q1: Underline the mouse? 1. I have a pencil. 2. Sara is reading a book. 3. The hen has a pen. 4. Fish lives in water. 5. He went to Islamabad. 6. Ali and Tom are friends. 7. This jug is big. 8. I like to eat pizza. Note: Pencil, Sara, book, hen, pen, fish, Islamabad, Ali Tom, jug, pizza are nouns) * Topic 10: â€Å"PROPER NOUNS† Definition: Example: 1. Tom and Jerry. 2. Monday. 3. July 4. Summer. 5. Lahore. â€Å"Exercise† Q1: Circle the Proper nouns? School, bag,Lahore, cake, Monday, van, pen, Donald Duck, ruler, Winter, shoes, March, book, America, bell, cup, Edison. Note: (Lahore, Monday, Donald Duck, Winter, March, America, Edison are proper nouns) Topic 11: â€Å"VERB† Definition: Example: 1. Eating. 2. Drin king. 3. Sleeping. 4. Reading. 5. Playing. Q1: Underline the verbs? 1. She is eating a cake. 2. They are going in a garden. 3. We are reading books. 4. You are laughing. 5. He is playing football. 6. Ali is crying. Note: eating, going, reading, laughing, playing, crying, are Verb) Topic 12: â€Å"SENTENCES USING CAN/CAN’T† Definition: Example: 1. I can sleep. 2. I can play. 3. I can’t swim. 1. Can a cat run? *. Yes, it can. 2. Can a bee swim? *. No, it can’t. 3. Can you play football? *. Yes, I can. 4. Can you jump? *. Yes, I can. 5. Can you cook food? *. No, I can’t. Topic 13 : |Animals |Sounds | |Cat. |mew. | |Dog |bark. | |Hen |cluck. |Cow |moo. | |Goat |bleat | |Duck |quack. | |Wolf |howl. | |Horse |neigh. | |Donkey |bray. | |Snake |hiss. | Topic 14: Words / Opposites |Words Opposite | |On |Off | |In |Out | |Up |Down | |Come |Go | |Black |White | |Sit |Stand | |Dry |Wet | |Old |New | |Hard |Soft | |Near |Far | Topic 15: Masculine / F eminine Masculine |Feminine | |He |She | |Boy |Girl | |Father |Mother | |Brother |Sister |Son |Daughter | |Man |Woman | |King |Queen | |Bull |Cow | |Sir |Madam | |Horse |Mare | Topic 16: COMPREHENSION† Read passage and do the exercise? â€Å"THE SINGING GRASSHOPPER† Once upon a time, there were two friends. They lived in the jingle. They were the ant the grasshopper. The ant was hard working insect. Everyday, it would go out to look for food. It would than bring the food back to its nest. The grasshopper was a lazy insect. It did not like to do any work. Instead, it lived to sing all long. Answer the following questions: Q1: Where did the two friends live? Ans: ________________________________________________________________________ Q2: Who were the two friends? Ans: ________________________________________________________________________Q3: What kind of an insect was the ant? Ans: ________________________________________________________________________ Q4: Wh ere did the ant bring back its food? Ans: ________________________________________________________________________ Q5: What kind of insect was the grasshopper? Ans: ________________________________________________________________________ Q6: What did the grasshopper do all the day? Ans: ________________________________________________________________________ â€Å"COMPREHENSION† KEY Read passage and do the exercise? â€Å"THE SINGING GRASSHOPPER† Once upon a time, there were two friends. They lived in the jingle. They were the ant the grasshopper.The ant was hard working insect. Everyday, it would go out to look for food. It would than bring the food back to its nest. The grasshopper was a lazy insect. It did not like to do any work. Instead, it lived to sing all long. Answer the following questions: Q1: Where did the two friends live? Ans: Two friends lived in the jungle. Q2: Who were the two friends? Ans: They were the ant and the grasshopper. Q3: What kind of an ins ect was the ant? Ans: The ant was hard working. Q4: Where did the ant bring back its food? Ans: The ant brought back its food to its nest. Q5: What kind of insect was the grasshopper? Ans: The grasshopper was a lazy insect.Q6: What did the grasshopper do all the day? Ans: It loved to sing all long. ———————– â€Å"A† is used before consonant. â€Å"An† is used before vowels. Vowels a, e, i , o u Singular means one thing. Plural means more than one thing. Every sentences should begin with a capital latter and end with a full stop. â€Å"This is and there is, are used with one thing†. There are and these are used with two or more things. Word that name things are called â€Å"Nouns†. Names of people, days, months, cities and seasons are a special kind of noun. They are called â€Å"Proper noun†. Doing words are called â€Å"Verbs†. We use â€Å"can† to talk about things that people are able to do.

Managing Marine Resources Sustainably

MANAGING MARINE RESOURCES SUSTAINABLY 8/17/2011 Sanie Joel V. Cagoco Managing Marine Resources Sustainably 2011 ARTICLE SUMMARY Eutrophication is a syndrome of ecosystem responses to human activities that fertilize water bodies with nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P), often leading to changes in animal and plant populations and degradation of water and habitat quality. Nitrogen and phosphorous are essential components of structural proteins, enzymes, cell membranes, nucleic acids and molecules that capture and utilize light and chemical energy to support life. The biologically available forms of Nitrogen and Phosphorous are present at low concentrations in pristine lakes, rivers, estuaries and in vast regions of the upper ocean. The natural resources of the sea are extremely valuable and, for the most part, are renewable. If properly managed, they should provide continuing returns into the future without diminishing their productivity. Yet, for many of these resources, including those of importance to industries such as ? shing and tourism, ef? ient management and sustainable exploitation have been the exception rather than the rule. Resources have been depleted and have collapsed due to over-exploitation, with severe economic and social consequences for the humans relying on them. Increasing demand for ocean resources due to population growth and economic expansion has raised concern about the sustainability of the ocean resources and amenities that contribute to the well-being of people around the globe. Highly productive fisheries have collapsed, marine and coastal habitats have been Eutrophication was first evident in lakes and rivers as they became choked with excessive growth of rooted plants and floating algal scums, prompting intense study in the 1960’s – 70’s and culmination in the scientific basis for banning phosphate detergents and upgrading sewage treatment to reduce wastewater Nitrogen and Phosphorous discharges to inland waters. lost or degraded, and carbon dioxide from fossil fuels is changing the climate and some of the basic properties of the marine environment. These stresses increase the urgency of developing sustainable practices for activities in the ocean. Of the ocean's renewable resources, fish are probably the most pressing concern to people around the world. The sustainability of the ocean's fisheries is essential for the well-being of people in both developing and industrialized nations, through markets that range from local to global in scale. Seafood is the major source of protein for more than 1 billion people internationally, while about 44 million depend on fishing or fish farming for their livelihood. Because seafood provides an immediate connection between the ocean and people, we discuss fish production in terms of managing the wild harvest and developing sustainable quaculture practices. (Susan Roberts and Kenneth Brink) 1 Managing Marine Resources Sustainably 2011 Common to most definitions of sustainability is the concept of using renewable resources without jeopardizing their availability for use by future generations. Sustainable means different things to different people, and notably has been a point of contention in fisheries management. The 1992 UN Convention on Biological Diversity defined sustainable use as ? the use of components of biological diversity in a way and at a rate that does not lead to long-term decline of biological diversity, thereby maintaining its otential to meet the needs and aspirations of present and future generations. Fisheries management involves regulating when, where, how, and how much fishermen are allowed to harvest to ensure that there will be fish in the future. It draws on fisheries science in order to find ways to protect fishery resources so sustainable exploitation is possible. Modern fisheries management is often referred to as a governmental system of appropriate management rules based on defined objectives and a mix of management means to implement the rules, which are put in place by a system of monitoring control and surveillance. Thru Fishery management, oceans would be fished and farmed to protect long-term production, not to generate the highest short-term cash flow. Market prices for catches would rise and fall within a predictable and profitable range, which would reward fairly the boat owners’ investments and crews’ labor. Fishing families would earn stable, year-round wages, and their coastal communities would thrive on these fishing wages and income generated by supporting businesses. Consumers would have stable supplies of high-quality local seafood. An armistice would end the debilitating wars between fishermen and environmentalists; government regulators would make quick realistic decisions; and court dockets would be empty of head-of-the-pin fisheries cases Many different strategies have been proposed to make fisheries more sustainable. A few of these approaches, which could be pursued in concert, are described here: (a) adopting more conservative catch limits, (b) changing the economic incentives of the fishing industry, and (c) enhancing the demand for sustainable products. An ecosystem is the basic functional unit in ecology, as it includes both organisms and their abiotic environment. No organism can exist without the environment. Ecosystem represents the highest level of ecological integration which is energy based. A pond, a lake, a coral reef, part of any field and a laboratory culture can be some of the examples of ecosystems. Thus an ecosystem is 2 Managing Marine Resources Sustainably 2011 defined as a specific unit of all the organisms occupying a given area which interacts with the physical environment producing distinct trophic structure, biotic diversity and material cycling. Aquaculture, also known as aqua farming, is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic. Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater and Growing our own seafood through aquaculture can provide part of the solution to a major saltwater populations under controlled conditions, and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish. Mariculture refers to aquaculture practiced in marine environments. The wild capture fisheries are only one part of the seafood industry. The largest growth in seafood production since 1990 has been in aquaculture, which currently accounts for about one-third of the world’s total fish and shell harvest. Aquaculture is expected to increase in importance as the demand for seafood increases. ecological catastrophe – overharvesting of the world’s marine life – while contributing to the global supply of healthy seafood. In aquaculture, there is also the option of farming herbivores instead of carnivores. This typically means culturing filter-feeding shellfish such as mussels, clams, and oysters. These species do not require fish feeds – they are mostly herbivores that consume phytoplankton in the water and their culture can be beneficial in areas prone to phytoplankton blooms and eutrophication. However, some of the other concerns about aquaculture also apply to the culture of these mollusks including the effects of aquaculture operations on marine habitats and resident species. ARTICLE’S RELATIONSHIP TO PHILIPPINE ENVIRONTMENTAL CONDITION AND IT’S AGENCIES CONCERNED The country’s main environmental institution is the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). It was created in 1987 by Executive Order No. 192, which consolidated several government agencies performing environmental functions. The DENR is primarily responsible for the conservation, management, development and proper use of the country’s environment and natural resources, specifically forest and grazing lands, mineral resources, and lands of the public domain, as well as the licensing and regulation of all natural resources. 3 Managing Marine Resources Sustainably 2011 Apart from the DENR, there are other national government agencies involved in environmental management. The major ones include the Department of Agriculture (DA) and its Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR), Department of Energy (DOE), Department of Health (DOH), National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP), National Water Resources Board (NWRB), National Power Corporation (NAPOCOR), and Philippine National Oil Corporation (PNOC) (the last two, in connection with watershed areas and reservations supporting hydroelectric power generation and geothermal fields, respectively). Moreover, even agencies not traditionally associated with environmental functions, such as the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC) and Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), have been given environmental management roles under the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act. Given the country’s poor fiscal position, limited financial resources is a problem that the DENR and other agencies with environmental management functions share with the rest of the bureaucracy. To address the environmental sector’s financial needs despite this limitation, reforms are necessary in both demand and supply sides. Progress has been made in terms of the institutional arrangements in the Philippines in addressing marine resources sustainably but the present situation requires a comprehensive strategy that will enable the country to effectively chart a more sustainable future. The establishment of a clear institutional mechanism by which the challenge of managing marine resources can be addressed is necessary. Ambiguities in the government institutions tasked to deal with marine resources issues must be eliminated. The highest priority however is to adopt and implement a strategic framework which should guide the Philippine response in managing our marine resources. CONCLUSION If aquaculture is to fulfill its great promise, however, governments and citizens alike must be vigilant. Short-term economic considerations will make it all too easy for marine aquaculture to slip into the ecologically harmful methods of large-scale, intensive livestock production increasingly adopted on land. Despite some recent improvements, experience to date with commercial salmon farming is not encouraging in this regard. The most popular farmed species among consumers in developed countries tend to be carnivores, creating an additional challenge to sustainability. Forms of 4 Managing Marine Resources Sustainably 2011 aquaculture that consume more fish than they produce cannot assist society in addressing the global problem of wild fisheries depletion. As we look forward over a century, it is clear that human impacts will continue, but that the nature and form of those impacts will surely change. New approaches are being developed to help balance the uses of coastal and marine environments, including no consumptive ecosystem services such as erosion control, biological carbon sequestration, recreation and tourism. Continued investments in research and strategic, long-term planning can help to ensure that future generations will have an opportunity to experience and enjoy the ocean and its many resources. The responsible use of the planet’s resources to meet the needs of society for healthful food is a goal universally supported by those across the spectrum of the aquaculture debate. All human activities have an effect on the environment, but in these early years of the 21st century, we are increasingly realizing that we have trod too heavily on the planet. Unsustainable consumption patterns, particularly in developed countries, are leading to global ecological disruption and rapid depletion of both renewable and nonrenewable resources. It is in this context that the future of aquaculture must be determined. Growing our own seafood through aquaculture can provide part of the solution to a major ecological catastrophe—overharvesting of the world’s marine life—while contributing to the global supply of healthy seafood. About the article’s authors: S. J. Roberts is the director of the Ocean Studies Board at the National Research Council where she has worked since 1998. She received her B. S. in zoology from Duke University and Ph. D. in marine biology from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. She has undertaken research on fish physiology, symbiosis, and developmental biology. At the National Research Council, she has conducted many studies on marine resource issues such as marine protected areas, ecosystem effects of fishing, and endangered species. K. H. Brink is a physical oceanographer at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, where he has worked since 1980. He was educated at Cornell (B. S. ) and Yale (Ph. D. ). His research concentrates on currents over the continental shelf, and their implications. His service as President of The Oceanography Society, and as Chair of the National Research Council's Ocean Studies Board, have involved him in a range of practical concerns about the ocean. 5

Statement of Purpose Personal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Of Purpose - Personal Statement Example egree from a university in the United States of America would be a better chance for me to have more exposure, not just academically but also in other aspects of life. I therefore intend to use my master’s program scholarship that I have gotten from the government in the US as opposed to in Saudi Arabia. Following that, I have a curious interest in a number of universities in the United States where I can take up my master’s degree program and after much Endeavour, I have settles for the university of (insert university here). I believe the University of (Insert University here) has the resources I need, right from a dedicated faculty to a vibrant student community. This is why I would be so pleasured to get a position in this university to complete my master’s degree. I am therefore humbly applying and hoping to get a positive feedback as I embark to further my studies in this discipline that that has been my first love in academics. I also believe that I will not only be gaining from the university but will also be a worthwhile and useful addition to the student community. I am a vibrant student and I fully believe that education is not only about books, but goes beyond just studying. I believe education is less useful if one cannot be part of a social system that utilizes this education. In this respect, I always engage in more than education and I believe my coordination skills and intuition will be found useful by my fellow students as well as the faculty as and the university at large. I believe that getting an opportunity to study in the University of (Insert University here) will help me to not only explore and expand my academic talent but will also help me to use my other talents for the good of the university. This is because I believe that learning is as much a process of teaching and I hope to help undergraduate students to become better students. Studying in the University Of Tabuk gave me some useful experience that I believe will be good for

Entreprenuership and small firms. How useful are the concepts of Essay

Entreprenuership and small firms. How useful are the concepts of enterprise 'push' and 'pull' in explaining the factors - Essay Example In developing countries particularly, the economic conditions drive many individuals to become entrepreneurs so as to redefine their economic conditions. The research field of entrepreneurship has been considered to be the major target of the most diverse area of study as presented by the enlarged range of theories and approaches and the trend is developing at a faster rate which is grounded on innovation, risk taking and proactiveness. The field of entrepreneurship has continually experienced attention from scholars leading to various theoretical frameworks being developed; however, new theories that are in line with the contemporary issues in the globe need to be developed (Islam, 2012, p.67). The growth of the business is influenced by the pull and push factors of starting a business. Entrepreneurs who start up a business out of the pull factors, such as desire to expand, will see their businesses growing successfully. On the other hand, entrepreneurs who are compelled into busine ss by, say, unemployment, the situation will not experience much growth. It is important to determine the major factors that influence entrepreneurs and make them start businesses since every business calls for different strategies and drive (Deakins and Freel, 2012, p.32). The growth and success of a business establishment will depend on the commitment made by the entrepreneur which usually differs in accordance to the motivating factors. Individuals with expertise, creative ideas, innovation, and demographic characteristics, including age and education of an entrepreneur, will influence establishment and growth of an enterprise. Young, energetic and highly educated entrepreneurs are served with advanced high-tech and knowledge required in running a business. The study endeavored to identify the concepts of enterprise ‘push’ and ‘pull’ that play a significant role in explaining the factors that influence the decisions of individuals to become self-employed and/or start up a business. This will help in understanding the reasons that motivate to become entrepreneurs and establish business enterprises. The findings from case studies indicates that the need for higher social status, profitability nature of the business, self-employment, need to make money, business tradition of the family and knowledge as well as personal experience are considered to be the pull factors (European Commission, 2012, p.1). Whereas, lack of formal education, dissatisfaction in previous occupation, family pressure and unemployment issues are considered to be the major push factors. Research Questions This paper intends to answer a number of questions including: 1. What motivates individuals to be entrepreneurs or enter into self-employment amongst the gender? 2. Is there a positive correlation between pull and factors and entrepreneurship? 3. Is the decision of starting up a business affected by gender, age, education, risk, finance, information availability and complexities of the entrepreneurship process? 4. Are women and the minority group predisposed to a unique pursuit of self-employment? Main Body The forces that propel individuals to set-up businesses despite the personal, financial and social risks that are associated with new venture are diverse. Individuals will decide to engage in businesses out of several motivations, some of which are positive and others negative. The positive factor â€Å"pull† and the negative factors ‘

Marketing Plan of PepsiCo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing Plan of PepsiCo - Essay Example The researcher states that the PepsiCo trades a large range of brand including Pepsi cola, diet Pepsi, Doritos and Lipton teas among others. However, the company faces a stiff completion from the Coca-Cola and draft foods both of which are making marketing path in America, Europe and Asia. According to William and Robert the company must deal with a number of local brands and guarantee the loyalty of customer’s demands. Thus, PepsiCo’s marketer must persistently research on customer’s preferences and study the impact of environmental forces to develop the precise marketing mix for the right market. The company has released that most of the populace suffer from health predicaments; thus, it has developed a new product that will meet the healthier eating habit of customers. The walkers’ snacks are the new product in the market, characterized by their low sodium content. The product was discovered to meet the United Kingdom’s campaign to warn customer s on the risks involved in the intake of high contents of salt. The company took the incentive of introducing this product that would capture the rising demand of customers to change their diets to something healthier in the market. In order to market the walker’s snacks in the market, PepsiCo Company has commenced reducing the level of salt in several other snacks worldwide. By so doing, the customers will opt for the company’s product, and consequently they purchase the new product among others. Meanwhile, it is discoursing usage of fats and sugar by making labeling more prominent so that customers can make educated choices. According to Justin and Longenecker (2011, 69), this strategy is extremely advantageous to the company in marketing the new product because it captures the customer’s confidence of the products offered in the market. When customers are convinced of the quality of the other products of PepsiCo, it will be easy for them to appreciate and acc ept the new product easily. Cheverton (2005, P. 57) indicate that the company via intensive research noticed that there was a higher use of digital media among young adults and youth that would be a large and productive target market for the new product. Thus, the company will use the internet, Facebook, twitter to communicate with customers and influence these customers on the significant of the product. It will allow customers to vote online for the new product will promote the product among the marketing mix in the market. The company will run contents asking customers to form and submit homemade television commercials for the new product in the market. The company has combined the digital marketing with social responsibility in that it will invite the customers to apply online for grants that would change their society. Roberts (2011, P.57) indicate that the strategy will make the customers notice and respond to its social responsibility and promote the buying decision of the ne w product in the market due to the earned positive image of the company. The marketing research done on the customer’s preference and demands in various countries will maintain a steady stream of new product introduced in the market. Financial management The impressive marketing strategies of the PepsiCo Company would make the introduction of the walkers snack in the market success. The company aimed to realize revenue of one million just 25 days after the product is introduced in the market. However, the new product is rarely an immediate success due to the challenges encountered during marketing. Thus, the Pepco marketers would be extremely keen in the purchasing pattern of the customers. The company should constantly modify product prices.